ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a combination of multiple risk factors that increases an individual chance of developing cardiovascular or type II diabetes mellitus and most of people with metabolic syndrome have Insulin resistance, which elevates the risk of developing Type II diabetes mellitus. While the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and each of its components is complex and not well understood, central obesity and insulin resistance are acknowledged as important causative factors. Most scrutinized literature was collected from different sources including PubMed. This study was carried out at Govt. Chhattisgarh Institute of medical sciences Bilaspur. Aim: To compare the incidence of progression of metabolic syndrome into type II diabetes mellitus in patient who were put on one of the following treatments along with lifestyle modification :- Metformin, Chromium Piconilate ,Vitamin –D3 and Niacin (Vitamin. - B3). Methods: The objective of this study recruited 250 patient, aged between 35 to 60 years, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of Metabolic syndrome as per study design. Results: 250 Participants was enrolled during 3 years of the study. 125 (50 %) male and 125 (50 %) Female were found metabolic syndrome. A total (8%) of patient were found incidence of progression of metabolic syndrome into Type II Diabetes Mellitus. In different group as Metformin group-(0%), Niacin group (6%), Vit-D3 group (0%), Chromium Piconilate group (16 %) and (18%) in the lifestyle modification group. Conclusions: Metformin and Vit- D3 can reverse the effects of metabolic syndrome due to its broad effects on many of the components of metabolic syndrome; thus preventing diabetes and heart disease.
ABSTRACT
Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common serious disorders of the brain, affecting about 50 million people worldwide, 80% of the burden of epilepsy is in the developing world. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is one of the major arms to maximize efficacy and minimize risk of overdosing. AIM: To compare clinical outcome between monitored and unmonitored dose of Phenytoin in patient of generalized tonic clonic seizure. Methods: Comparative study of 40 patients on phenytoin with therapeutic drug monitoring verses 40 patients on phenytoin without therapeutic drug monitoring of Generalized tonic clonic seizure were undertaken. For therapeutic drug monitoring, early morning sample (before taking morning dose) was collected, centrifuged, plasma separated and after that therapeutic level are monitored using HPLC. Sampling was done twice a month for one month than once a month for third and sixth month; samples were also taken abruptly in case of poor or no response to therapy, any adverse effect if noted or if any patient taking other medication in between. Evaluation of Efficacy is done by mean Seizure frequency reduction and comparison of side effect profile of the two groups. Results: Statistically significant difference is seen in TDM and non-TDM Group at 3 and 6 months; with percent reduction of mean seizure frequency 85.44% in TDM group compared to 43.81% in non- TDM group. Conclusions: The results of this comparative evaluation after the collection of data and its analysis confirms clinical impact of therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin monotherapy in patients of generalized tonic clonic seizures.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The worldwide escalation in both community- and hospital-acquired antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is threatening the ability to effectively treat patients, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance, more appropriate antimicrobial prescription, prudent infection control, and new treatment alternatives. Objective: To study the prevalence of bacteria from the different samples (Blood, Urine, CSF, PUS) and to examine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated organisms. Methods: Around n=150 samples of Urine, Blood, CSF and Pus sample were collected from the patient attending Teerthanker Mahaveer medical Hospital college and Research Centre. Results: Out of 150 clinical samples, highest number of isolates were gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus n=47 (31.33%) followed by E. Coli n=37(24.66%), Klebseilla n=33(22.00%), Pseudomonas n=11(07.33%). S. aureus was highly sensitive to Gentamycin (88.09%) and least sensitive to Co-trimoxazole (14.28%). Tobramycin & Linezolid were 95.23% sensitive followed by Amikacin (90.47%), Meropenem (90.47%), Levofloxacin (88.09%). Conclusion: In our study Staphylococcus aureus to be most common isolates followed by Escherichia coli, Klebseilla, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Proteus.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Parthenium hysterophorus is an aggressive ubiquitous annual herbaceous weed with no economic importance unravelled till now. The decoction of P. Hysterophorus has been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, diarrhoea, neurologic disorders, urinary tract infections, dysentery, malaria and as emmenagogue. Objective: The study was conducted to screen the antipyretic activity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Parthenium Hysterophorus. Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy rats weighing between 200-250gms were divided into five groups of six animals each, with 50% sex ratio. The initial rectal temperature of each animal was recorded by digital thermometer. The pyrexia was induced by injecting 20ml/kg (s.c.) of 20 per cent aqueous suspension of Brewer’s yeast in normal saline below the nape of the neck and rectal temperature was recorded by clinical thermometer immediately before (18 h) and 18 h after (0 h) Brewer’s yeast injection .The difference in temperature between 0 hour and respective time interval was found out by statistical method. The potency of extract to bring down the temperature was compared with that of the control group. Results: PH extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg produced significant antipyretic activity at 1 h after drug administration, whereas PH extract (800 mg/kg) and aspirin(300 mg/kg) showed significant antipyretic activity throughout the observation period up to 6 h. The extract showed marked antipyretic activity in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Parthenium hysterophorus has marked antipyretic activity.